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1、1.except和besides都可解作“除……之外” 但含义不同.except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去,即从整体中除去一部分”,表示递减的概念,含义是否定的.besides表示“除了……之外,还有……”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,表示递加的概念,含义是肯定的.试比较：①We all went except him.除他之外,我们都去了.(他没有去) ②We all went besides him.除他之外,我们大家也都去了.(他也去了) (1)besides常与other／more／else等词连用 ,except常与all／every／everyone／none／nobody／everything／nothing等总括词连用.***.he had other people to take care of besidesme.All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.(2)若句中没有实义动词do的某种形式,except后接动词不定式,而besides后接动词的-ing形式.eg.I had no choice except to obey／besides obeying his order.(3)若句中有实义动词do的某种形式,二者后面都可以接动词原形.***.she has nothing to do except／besides go with him.(4)二者后面都可以接从句.eg.①Besides that he explained the theory he gave us some examples.②He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.(5)except后面可接for(构成短语except for)或其他介词短语,而besides不能.except for主要有三层含义：①表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,起部分修正主要意思的作用.***.your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.②表示非同类事物进行比较.***.the street is empty except for several cars.③置于句首,表达except的含义.***.except for this,everything is in order.except for后接名(代)词,可以转移为except＋从句或其他介词短语.***.the climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains；except that it sometimes rains；except on the rainy days) 注意：二者用于否定句时含义相同,意思是一样的.***.he did nothing besides (＝except) this.除这件事外,他什么事也没做.2.apart from兼有besides和except for两种含义,后接名词、代词或动名词.3.but含义与except相同,都表示递减的概念,二者在多数情况下可以互换,但用法稍有区别.①except可以代替but,但but并不一定都可以代替except,如果句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等不定代词或疑问词时,多用but；后跟宾语从句时,多用except.②but for含义有时与except for相同,但主要表示“要不是……”,常用于虚拟句,表示一种假设.③but位置的变化会引起人称代词主、宾格的变化.。

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